Former President of Ghana, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, addressed graduating members of Course 33 of the Nigerian National Defence College (NDC) on Monday, August 18, 2025, with a message emphasizing a multi-layered and context-specific approach to governance reforms in Africa.
Speaking on the theme, “Strengthening Institutions for Good Governance in Africa,” he cautioned against adopting a “one-size-fits-all” solution for the continent’s governance challenges.
Akufo-Addo acknowledged the significant progress Africa has made in institutional reforms since the 1990s but stressed that persistent hurdles—including corruption, insecurity, and state fragility—demand more than surface-level reforms.
He asserted that the continent needs institutions with genuine independence, secure domestic funding, and strong legal safeguards.
The former president offered a multifaceted prescription for the way forward, highlighting the need for tighter oversight, digital transparency, inclusive nation-building, and fiscal reforms.
He stressed that the most pressing need for good governance is for African nations to raise their own funds to finance their development, thereby reducing donor dependence. He called for governments to enact laws that grant anti-corruption bodies operational and financial independence, citing Botswana and Rwanda as models.
Akufo-Addo underscored the importance of technology in combating corruption, suggesting that tools like open contracting portals and blockchain could help close loopholes.
He also linked the strength of institutions to economic growth, explaining that an independent judiciary that protects property rights and enforces contracts builds business confidence and attracts investment.
The former president also spoke about the critical role of the military in peace and security, advocating for a professional, politically neutral force with fair pay and clear command.
He said that coups become less likely when soldiers are loyal to the constitution, institutions are strong, and the economy provides jobs and services for all.
In his final remarks to the graduands, Akufo-Addo urged them to serve with courage and humility, reminding them that their uniform is a badge of honour and a symbol of integrity for their nation.
He concluded that the path forward for Africa requires a shift toward “self-defined, all-encompassing governance” owned by Africans.